Category: Business

MBO is an integrated sequential process. It has sequences of activities as a process. This process comprises the following steps:1. First of all objectives must be set, which the organization has to attain. The top management must be aware of the objectives. These objectives can be set for any period but they should be, as far as, possible, long term objectives. Image Source: tisquirrel.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. The organizational objectives are achieved through individuals. Therefore subordinate objectives must be set at the lower levels of management. Each individual must know in advance what he is expected to achieve.Determination of individual objectives is based on the organization purpose, managerial philosophy, organizational resource and environmental opportunities and constraints. A superior’s responsibility in setting objectives for his subordinates is to state objective in terms…

Beggary has been a great public nuisance. The State Governments notably that of Bombay, has taken a major stride forward in tackling the problem of beggary. The Beggar Homes are very well managed. Image Source: m2.behance.netAn attempt is also made to distinguish between the professional able bodied beggars and the diseased and handicapped beggars who have taken to beggary in the absence of a suitable avenue of employment. ADVERTISEMENTS: The Criminal Procedure Code treats vagrants and vagabonds alike and provides penalties under sections 55(l)(b) and 109 (b). Beggary within railway premises was prohibited by law on Feb. 15, 1941.Special Acts have been passed by most of the States to prohibit begging in public places. In others, the municipal and public acts provide measures against begging. To deal effectively with persons…

Legal provisions regarding procedure when corporation or registered society is an accused under section 305 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.(1) In Section 305 which deals with the procedure when corporation is an accused, corporation means an incorporated company or other body corporate, and includes a society registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. Image Source: sanjosebusinesslawyersblog.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (2) Where a corporation is the accused person or one of the accused persons in an inquiry or trial, it may appoint a representative for the purpose of the inquiry or trial and such appointment need not be under the seal of the corporation.(3) Where a representative of a corporation appears, any requirement of the Code of Criminal Procedure that anything shall be done in the presence of the accused or…

Essay on Zero Based Budgeting (ZBB)Like performance or programme budgeting, Zero base budgeting is also “rational” budgeting. Like Management by Objectives (MBO) it is a transplant from the private sector which has so far been, confined to the United States. Image Source: momonaplan.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Zero Base Budgeting (ZBB) is an emerging process, adopted’ by a variety of industrial organizations as well as state and municipal governments in U.S.A. ZBB was developed at Texas Instruments Inc. during 1969.The process was first adopted in government by Governor Jimmy Carter (who later become President of the United States) of Georgia for the preparation of the fiscal 1973 budget.In India the Union Finance Minister V.P. Singh told a Parliamentary Consultative Committee that the government would be introducing zero-based budgeting at first in a small…

The Gurus of Quality under Total Quality Management!i. W. Edwards Deming is perhaps the best known of the early pioneers who popularized quality control in Japan in the early 1950s. His 14 principles of quality improvement have been already discussed in the earlier pages. He has played a substantial role in increasing the visibility of the process and advancing an awareness of the need to improve quality. Image Source: oshatrain.org ADVERTISEMENTS: ii. Joseph M. Juran:Juran defines quality as fitness for use in terms of design, conformance, availability, safety and field use. His concept of quality is consistent with the point of view of the customer. He proposed that quality should be viewed as an investment in a firm’s profitability. White Deming emphasized worker involvement and worker pride, Juran focused on…

The Principles of Quality Improvement those are expressed by Dr. Deming’s!The process and practice of quality control has an interesting historical background. The industrial revolution and Taylor’s scientific management movement emphasized improvement in the quality of production per man hour and in production methods and processes. Image Source: sailthechannel.com ADVERTISEMENTS: With the advent of mass production and assembly line production and complexity of production processes, the quality of output product became more variable and less dependable. This was in complete contrast to the craftsmanship of the 18th and 19th centuries when production volume was small and each item was produced with substantial care so that the quality of the product was the natural result of the work ethic.Serious attention was started to be given to the process of quality control…

MIS difficulties and inadequacies vary from situation to situation, depending upon the quality of the existing system and the kinds of individuals implementing MIS. Some of the guidelines that can be used to improve the quality of MIS are: Image Source: web-books.com1. Involve top management in the design of MIS. This involvement would mean greater acceptance and commitment resulting in overall commitment to the program by all-level users. ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Build cooperation between designers and the users of the programme. This cooperation will result in proper feedback on the quality of information being received so that any necessary changes in the design can be made. This cooperation will result in improvements in the effectiveness of MIS.3. Develop a master plan. All planning should be adequate and projected as far into…

It is important to set up effective management information systems for the following reasons.First, most organizations have grown in size and complexity. This results in management being removed from the scene of operations and hence it must rely on the information provided to them by the line supervisors about any operational problems needing attention. Image Source: e62813.medialib.glogster.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The dynamics of the environment further adds to the complexity of organizational operations. Some of the continuously changing factors affecting the volume and the type of information handled are: a) Economic: These factors include sudden changes in the economic structure in any part of the world, sudden energy crisis, worldwide inflation rate, higher interest rates, unemployment rate, and changes in GNP and so on. All or some of these factors may affect…