Category: Management

Job Design: Structuring Tasks for High Motivation – Essay !Job redesign involves revising job descriptions and changing the nature of work so as to induce higher level of motivation among workers. It involves alteration of specific aspects of jobs in a manner that would increase both the quality of the employee’s work experience as well as his productivity. Hackman and Oldham have suggested four benefits of work redesign. Image Source: images.flatworldknowledge.com ADVERTISEMENTS: First, it alters the basic relationship between people and their jobs. The basic foundation of this relationship is that the nature of work itself is a powerful influence on worker motivation and job satisfaction. People who are happy with their jobs are highly intrinsically motivated.“Secondly, the job and the human behaviour are directly related. A satisfactory job results…

Motivation alone cannot result in performance. There must be ability on the part of the worker, and the work structure must be conducive to motivation. The work structure can be considered to be comprised of systems where systems are collections of processes and resources and processes are defined as grouped activities that take an input, add value to it and provide an output. Image Source: myweightolose.files.wordpress.comAccordingly, one of the prime functions of management is to design and improve the work system with the right activities and the right resources at the right times. To achieve the best performance from motivated employees, management must provide a stable and consistent system that allows them to perform at a high level. ADVERTISEMENTS: A work system, where the worker is provided with the right…

14 Major Differences between Public Corporation and Government Departmental Undertaking are listed below: Public Corporation: 1. It is an instrument of the Government. It is also called statutory corporation. ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. It is a purely commercial.3. It is an autonomous body.4. Examples:ONGC, RTC, LIC, FCI, Damodar Valley Corporation, Air India, etc ADVERTISEMENTS: 5. There are two different basic concepts in the management of public corporations, viz. autonomy and accountability.6. The structure of the public corporation cannot be amended by Government itself. The structure of the public corporation can be altered only by Parliament.7. It has its own independent administration.8. It is a separate juristic person. It can sue and can be sued. ADVERTISEMENTS: 9. For tortious liability, it is held liable. Article 300 does not apply.10. Section 123 (Privilege of…

Efficient Cropping Systems for different Agro-climatic Zones of India: Agro-climatic regionSoil typeCropping systems 1. Western Himalayas (cold-arid) Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh PlateauShallow, sandy to loamyRice-Potato-Wheat 2. Western ADVERTISEMENTS: Kachchh and part of KathiawarDesert and saline soilsSorghum-wheat-millet,Maize-Green manureMaize-wheat-sorghum 3. Deccan plateau (hot-arid) ADVERTISEMENTS: Andhra Pradesh, KarnatakaRed and black soilsPigeon pea + sorghum/ groundnut cotton-millet-sorghum 4. Northern plains and central highlands (semi-arid) Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, RajasthanAlluvium derived soilsMaize-green manureRice-wheat-Maize-wheatCotton-wheat 5. Central highlands Gujarat plains Kathiawar penisula (hot semi-arid)Medium deep black soilsGroundnut-wheatRice-sugarcaneRice-wheat 6. Deccan plateau (hot-semi-arid)Shallow and Medium black soilsPearl millet-potato-cotton Cotton-millet-sorghum, Deccan plateau and Eastern ghats (hot- semi-rid)Red and black soilsSorghum-safflower cotton-millet Pigeon pea-sunflower 8. Eastern ghats, Tamil Nadu uplands and Deccan plateau (hot semi-arid)Red loamy soilsRice-Rice-pulses cotton-groundnut Groundnut-sorghum 9. Northern plain (hot sub humid)Alluvium derived soilRice-wheat, Maize-wheat,…

556 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Behaviour” for Psychology Students – Part 3:201. By pleasure principle and reality principle, Freud tried to explain: (a) Two similar forces of human mind ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) Two similar heirs of human mind(c) Two opposing forces of human mind(d) Two main concepts of psychosexual genesis(e) None of the above ADVERTISEMENTS: 202. The id, the unconscious motives and the instinctive tendencies are purely guided by the: (a) Reality Principle(b) Pleasure Principle(c) Oedipus Complex ADVERTISEMENTS: (d) Socialization process of the human being(e) None of the above203. Freud emphasized that the theory of psycho- sexual genesis is concerned with the frus­tration of the basic urges of the individual during: (a) Adulthood(b) Adolescence (c) Old Age(d) Childhood(e) None of the above204. Otto Rank said that after birth,…

Our ecosystem involves complex interlocking of individual species which have evolved over millions of years. In this complex jig-saw puzzle kind of framework, the loss of any species has a significant impact on the remaining species. There is a danger of collapse of the ecosystem with some key pieces being lost.Bio-diversity actually refers to the whole set of life forms that exist on this earth. Varieties exist at genetic as well as species level. Genetic meaning that there are genetic variations between individuals of same or different populations of the same species. Variety at the level of species means existence of different species that are inter-related by taxonomy. Ecosystem diversity or biodiversity is thus clearly not definable as there are not distinct boundaries between the ecosystems and they merge into…

To (The Manager) (Company Name) (Address)Dear Sir,SUB: Appointment in Your Firm as Sales Executive ADVERTISEMENTS: JOB CODE: _____________This is in reference to the advertisement issued by you in ____________ (Newspaper Name), ____________ (Date), regarding the post of Sales Executive in your esteemed organisation. I offer my services to your organisation and would like to submit the following details in order to support my claim for the aforementioned position.I am ____________ (Your Name), BA (Fine Arts) and MA (English). I am fully computer literate. I am also pursuing my Post-graduate Diploma in Sales Management with ____________ (Institute Name), ____________ (Address).This diploma would be completed within six months. My expertise is in Fast Moving Consumer Goods. I have achieved the highest targets set forth by my management in this product range. I…

From Your Name Company Name Address (Date)To Your Customer Name Address (Date)Dear (Name) ADVERTISEMENTS: This is to acknowledge receipt of your letter of____________ (Date) in which you set forth your reasons for cancelling your purchase order No. ____________.I am very sorry about the misunderstandings that led to this cancellation and have taken the matter up with management in order to ensure that a problem of this nature does not occur again.As one of our valued customers, your satisfaction is one of our primary concerns. Please accept our apology.(Name) (Managing Director)

Though, it is argued that collective bargaining has grown in India due to the statutory provisions and voluntary measures, its success is limited. Collective bargaining has not made much headway in India when compared to other industrialised nations.The reasons are: ADVERTISEMENTS: Factors 1. Weak Unions: Collective bargaining process mainly depends on the strength of unions. Indian unions are marked with multiplicity, inter and intra-union rivalry, weak financial position and non-recognition. Weak trade unions cannot initiate strong arguments during negotiations. 2. Problems from Government: The government has not been making any strong efforts for the development of collective bargaining. The regulatory framework covering the industrial relations scene is quite tight, leaving very little room for bargaining to flourish on a voluntary basis. 3. Legal Problems: Now adjudication is easily accessible. No…

Four Free to read paragraphs on different topics. 1. Luxuries of Life, 2. It is Either Imitation or Adulteration, 3. A Stitch in Time Saves Nine, 4. Commerce Courses.1. Luxuries of LifeNecessities comfort and luxuries are relative terms. Going to work by car is a comfort for a doctor or a lawyer but luxury for a labourer. Similarly, living in a two bed-room apartment is considered to be a luxury for a clerk or a supervisor. But, for a manager or a director, even a four bed-room bungalow is a necessity. Thus, the same item is a necessity, comfort or luxury, depending on the status of men. But in India, a big house, a car, an AC, a DVD player, etc. are still luxuries of life. 2. It is Either…