Category: Management

Every organization carries on its objectives with the help of various persons engaged in fulfilling the different tasks of the organisation. The diversity of tasks in the organisation necessitates division of work in accordance with the principles of division of labour. Image Source: humcapinc.comA government organisation in every country is divided into a number of departments, services and agencies, which are further sub-divided into administrative units to facilitate work. ADVERTISEMENTS: In orders to see that these various units, agencies and departments work in harmony with each other co-ordination becomes necessary. Co-ordination is the first principle of organisation; it is also the first principle of management.It is thus, a very important problem in modern administration. In the words of White, “Co-ordination is the adjustment of the functions of the parts to…

Here is your 1129 words essay on communication for school and college students:Communication can be defined as a process whereby some message is defined and shared between living organisms. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender’s intent to communicate at the time of communication.Thus, communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the sender. Image Source: alexandramedia.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Communication as an academic discipline, relates to all the ways we communicate, so it embraces a large body of study and knowledge.The communication discipline includes both verbal and non-verbal messages. A body of…

The Powers and obligations of Mahant and Shebait are as follows:The powers of a Mahant and Shebait with respect to the management of Matha and the debutter property are quite large. So far the management and possession of the properties of a Matha is concerned it belongs to the Mahant. Similarly the Shebait enjoys extensive powers with respect to the management and possession of the debutter’s properties. The following powers of Mahant and Shebait are noteworthy: Image Source: openingtheseals.files.wordpress.com (1) Power over the Income of the Matha or Debutter Property: ADVERTISEMENTS: Both a Mahant and Shebait are under an obligation like a trustee not to spend any additional income from Matha or debutter property on himself but on the other hand to invest the same for the benefit of the…

Original suit No. 235 of 1996.The above named plaintiff states as follows:1. One Sri L. Bhujanga Rao, father of the plaintiff and of the defendants No. 2 to 4 held properties specifically described in the Schedule appended hitherto. Image Source: images.clipartpanda.com ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. The said Sri L. Bhujang Rao, died on the 12th November, 1976, leaving his widow, defendant No. 1, four sons, namely, the plaintiff and the defendants Nos. 2-4 on whom the said property in the Schedule below devolved in equal shares.3. The plaintiff and the defendants each have 1/5 share in the said property and they are in joint possession of the same.4. Difference has lately arisen in the management and enjoyment of the said property whereupon the plaintiff demanded from the defendants partition of the said…

The term ‘receiver’ has not been defined in the Code of C.P.C. However, the Supreme Court in Thomas vs. Indian Bank, explained the meaning of the word receiver as an indifferent person between the parties to a cause, appointed by the Court to receive and preserve the property or fund in litigation pendente lite, when it does not seem reasonable to the Court that either party should hold it.Order 40 of C.P.C. provides for Appointment, Remuneration and Duties of a receiver and Enforcement of Receiver’s duties. 1. Appointment of receivers: Image Source: successgenie.com ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. Where it appears to the Court to be just and convenient, the Court may by order-(a) Appoint a receiver of any property, whether before or after decree;(b) Remove any person from the possession or custody…

Essay on the Historical Growth of Ecology from 18th Century to 20th Century !From the late seventeenth century through the nineteenth cen­tury, following five major fields of study laid the foundation for the development of ecology as a distinct scientific discipline in the twen­tieth century: (1) natural history and faunal exploration, (2) environ­mental physiology and the study of responses to environmental changes, (3) evolution and theories of natural selection, (4) popula­tion studies and demography, and (5) ecological geography and conservation (Southwick, 1976). image source: cgpauk.com Natural History and Fauna Exploration: Natural history has been a primary developmental source of ecology since the time of Aristotle. Some of the important natura­lists of late 17th, 18th and 19th centuries who contributed signi­ficantly for early growth of modem ecology are following: ADVERTISEMENTS: Rene…

Essay on Sampling the Populations of Phytoplankton and Periphyton !In aquatic communities algae are the dominant vegetation. There are two kinds of growth involved: the plankton suspended on the water and the periphyton growing attached to some subs­trate of aquatic habitat. image source: aquaticconsulting.com Sampling technique for phytoplankton: Phytoplank­tons of a water body can be sampled by following two methods: ADVERTISEMENTS: (i) In one method, phytoplanktons are obtained by drawing water samples from several depths. Cell counts of algae present in each sample, either normal or concentrated, are made with a Sedgewieh Rafter counting chamber and a Whipple ocular. According to the need, sometime the samples may be concentrated by centrifugation in forest plankton centrifuge. The centrifuged samples are then diluted to a suitable volume (100 to 200 ml) in…

Here is your essay on the concept of open jail system!Though the working of open-jail during the first two decades of its beginning in India proved to be useful and showed some positive results but there has been a sharp decline in the popularity of these prisons in the recent past. Perhaps it is for this reason that there has been no significant addition to the existing open jails after 1980. Even the idea of an exclusive open jail for women did not gain much public support. image source: upload.wikimedia.org ADVERTISEMENTS: Perhaps the true reason for public apathy for open prisons is the extensive use of probation as a measure of individualised treatment of offenders which seeks to bring about reformation and rehabilitation of criminals within the community itself. Resort…

Essay on “Good time” Laws in India !Before reviewing the position of good time laws in India, it must be stated that reduction of sentence under “good-time” laws is different from the commutation of sentence. While reduction in prisoner’s term of imprisonment depends on the discretion of prison authorities, the commutation of sentence is a prerogative of the executive Head of the State. image source: gogoodscout.com ADVERTISEMENTS: It must also be noted that reduction in the term of sentence under good-time laws is invariably granted to almost all inmates as a matter of course therefore, its significance seems to have been lost in the present penal system. Any misconduct on the part of inmate inside the prison may, however, entail certain reduction in his good time allowance.The system of allowing…

Here is your Essay on the Origin of Police System !The police are primarily concerned with the maintenance of law and order and security of person and property of individuals. Of late, police duties have increased enormously and are becoming more and more diversified. image source: shaktivahini.org ADVERTISEMENTS: The modern police must protect the public against physical dangers, rescue lives, regulate traffic and preserve law and order in the streets and public places. It also has a definite duty with regard to the prevention of juvenile delinquency and atrocities against women, children and weaker sections of the society.Any discussion on ‘police’ will remain incomplete without a word about the historical origin and evolution of this institution. Originally, the word ‘police’ was used in a wider sense to connote the management…