22Sep 2018 by admin

Essay on Various Means of Communication

Decision Making
Managers use several different types of communication in their work. The choice of the method of communication would depend upon such factors as the physical presence of the receiver of the message, the nature of the message as to whether it is urgent or confidential and the costs involved in the transmission of the message. Image Source: 1.bp.blogspot.comVarious means of communication fall into four categories: (1) oral, (2) written, (3) nonverbal, and (4) information technology. These means are not mutually exclusive and very often some of these methods are combined to increase the emphasis or clarity of information. 1) Oral communication: ADVERTISEMENTS: The most prevalent form of organizational communication is oral. It could be face-to-face communication which is in the form of direct talk and conversation between the speaker and…
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22Sep 2018 by admin

Main Theories of Situational or Contingency Approaches

Decision Making
Essay on the Main Theories of Situational or Contingency Approaches!The leadership approaches discussed so far attributes leadership performance on the basis of certain traits or in terms of leader’s behaviour. The contingency theories propose that an analysis of leadership involves not only the individual traits and behaviour but also a focus on the given situation. Image Source: i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The effectiveness of leader behaviour is contingent upon the demands imposed by the situation. The focus is on the situation and not on the leader. Different types of situations demand different characteristics and behaviours because each type of leader faces different situations. A successful leader under one set of circumstances may be a failure under a different set of circumstances. For example, Winston Churchill was considered a successful prime minister and…
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22Sep 2018 by admin

Suit by Person Dispossessed of Immovable Property – Section 6 | Specific Relief Act

Construction
Section 6 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 Provides that: 1. Absolute title: If the rightful owner does not come forward and assert his title by the process of law within the period prescribed by the provisions of the statute of limitation applicable to the case, his right is forever extinguished and the possessory owner acquires an absolute title. In the event of disturbance of possession by a third party and not the owner, the plaintiff can maintain a possessory suit under the provisions of Specific Relief Act in which title would be immaterial or a suit for possession within 12 years in which the question of title could be raised. Image Source: commonfloor.com 2. Adjudication of: ADVERTISEMENTS: A person, even if he is a landlord, cannot take the law…
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22Sep 2018 by admin

Bringing changes in the Individual Behaviour Patterns Within An Organisation

Management
Bringing changes in the Individual Behaviour Patterns Within An Organisation !The change agents are those elements that are responsible for bringing about the change in the individual behaviour patterns. This is the most important type of change since other types of changes such as in strategy, structure or process can always be introduced simply by the management and most often these changes are accepted by the workers. Image Source: d223wx6eb72vcz.cloudfront.net ADVERTISEMENTS: Also because behaviour is highly complex phenomenon, it may require a number of strategies to make desirable changes in human behaviour. These change agents may either be the initiators of changes or serve as catalysts for such change. Four types of change agents have been identified. i) Outside pressures: These are pressures from the external envi­ronment and are directed…
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22Sep 2018 by admin

Essay on Social Responsiveness (504 Words)

Management
Essay on Social Responsiveness (504 Words)!Social responsiveness is defined as “the degree of effectiveness and efficiency an organization displays in pursuing its social responsibilities”. The more socially responsive attitude the organizations show, the greater the degree of effectiveness and efficiency they have in pursuing their social responsibilities. Image Source: energy.cratos-group.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Deciding on the types of social activities that the management wants to pursue, organizing the resources that are necessary to meet those responsibilities and then controlling the management processes so that these social goals are optimally accomplished without wasting any organizational resources in the process, are the key functions of management in this area in order to maintain a high level of social responsiveness. Approaches to Meeting Social Responsibilities: Various managerial approaches to meeting social obligations determine an organization’s…
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22Sep 2018 by admin

Where Rescission may be Adjudged or Refused – Section 27 | Specific Relief Act

Law
Section 27 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 Provides that: 1. Equitable relief: The Supreme Court on aspects of equitable relief observed as follows: Image Source: wickedcozy.files.wordpress.com ADVERTISEMENTS: “9. We are of the view that the High Court failed to address itself to certain crucial factors which disentitles the plaintiff to equitable re­lief. The High Court reversed a well-considered judgment of the Trial Court without adverting to the reasoning of the trial Court except in a cursory manner. In the view we are taking, it is not necessary for us to dilate on various legal issues debated before us. We shall proceed on the basis that in law the plaintiff could annul the con­tract of sale before the act of registration got completed and title passed to the appellants. We…
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22Sep 2018 by admin

Essay on Some Important Organisation Structure Designs

Accounting
Essay on Some Important Organisation Structure Designs!Organizational structure according to George and Jones, “is the formal system of task and reporting relationships that controls, coordinates, and motivates employees so that they cooperate and work together to achieve an organization’s goals”. Image Source: cdn2.slidemodel.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Such a system is primarily influenced by certain contingency factors such as technology used or the organization’s size, as discussed earlier. Depending upon the type of the organization and the philosophy of operations, managers can select any one of the various structured designs available. Some of these designs are explained as follows: 1) The Line Structure: The line structure is the simplest form of organization and is most common among small companies. The authority is embedded in the hierarchical structure and it flows in a direct…
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22Sep 2018 by admin

Essay on Managerial Skills for Recognising a Situation

Management
Essay on managerial skills for Recognising a Situation!It has been pointed out earlier that under certain situations, conflict can become necessary and desirable in order to create changes and challenges within the organization. In such situations, management would want to adopt a policy of conflict stimulation so that it encourages involvement and innovation. Image Source: totalcareermastery.com ADVERTISEMENTS: How does a manager recognize a situation which is vulnerable to conflict stimulation? Some of the factors that could create grounds for stimulating conflict are:i. Too much satisfaction with status quo.ii. Low rate of employee turnover.iii. Shortage of new ideas. ADVERTISEMENTS: iv. Strong resistance to change.v. Friendly relations taking precedence over organizational goals.vi. Excessive efforts for avoiding conflict.Some of the specific techniques for inducing conflict as suggested by S.P. Robbins are: a) Appoint…
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22Sep 2018 by admin

Short Essay on Product Life-Cycle Model (326 Words)

Strategy
Short Essay on Product Life-Cycle Model (326 Words)!The product life-cycle itself is not really a strategy but it provides a frame work for managers to formulate strategy over time of the product-life. The product life cycle is shown as below: Image Source: cdn.slidemodel.com ADVERTISEMENTS: A product goes through four typical stages, which are: introduction, growth, maturity and decline. When a new product is introduced, it takes some time before it gets accepted. Once it is accepted, it may go through a period of rapid growth.Eventually, the rate of growth for the product slows down and the market for the product matures. Finally, the product may enter into a decline stage. In terms of strategic planning the product life cycle approach suggests that different business strategies should be used to support…
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22Sep 2018 by admin

Essay on Various Definition of Organization (613 Words)

Management
Essay on Various Definition of Organization (613 Words)!The word organization is used and understood widely in our daily lives. It has been defined in a number of ways by psychologists, sociologists, management theorists as well as practitioners. Image Source: i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: A definition of organization suggested by Chester Barnard, a well known management practitioner, nearly sixty years ago still remains popular among organization and management theorists.According to him, an organization is, “a system of consciously coordinated activities or efforts of two or more persons”. In other words, a formal organization is a cooperative system in which people gather together and formally agree to combine their efforts for a common purpose.It is important to note that the key element in this rather simplistic definition is “conscious coordination” and it implies a…
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