24Sep 2018 by admin

Standardized Approaches that can be used in the Preparation of Budgets

Decision Making
According to Plunkett and Attner, budgeting requires (1) setting goals, (2) planning and scheduling to reach the goals, (3) identifying and pricing resources, (4) locating needed funds, and (5) adjusting goals, plans; and resources to match actual fund availability. Image Source: amberpm.files.wordpress.comAny one of the following standardized approaches can be used in the preparation of budgets. 1. Top down Budgeting: ADVERTISEMENTS: These budgets are prepared by senior managers and are passed down to lower levels end the lower level managers are expected to operate within these budgets. There may or may not be any input from the lower level managers.In preparing these budgets, top management must take into consideration all relevant factors and carefully analyze these factors so that they do not miss or neglect any significant information about opportunities…
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24Sep 2018 by admin

Prosecution of judges and public servants (Section 197 of CrPc)

Construction
Legal provisions regarding prosecution of judges and public servants under section 197 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.Section 197(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that when any person who is or was a Judge or Magistrate, or a public servant not removable from his office save by or with the sanction of the Government is accused of any offence alleged to have been committed by him while acting or purporting to act in the discharge of his official duty, no Court shall take cognizance of such offence except with the previous sanction;— ADVERTISEMENTS: (a) In the case of a person who is employed, or, as the case may be, was at the time of commission of the alleged offence employed, in connection with the affairs of the…
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24Sep 2018 by admin

Public Prosecutors (Section 24 of CrPc)

Government
Legal provisions regarding public prosecutors under section 24 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.Section 24 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that:(1) For every High Court, the Central Government or the State Government shall, after consultation with the High Court, appoint a public prosecutor and may also appoint one or more additional public prosecutors, for conducting in such Court, any prosecution, appeal or other proceeding on behalf of the Central Government or State Government, as the case may be. Image Source: s2.dmcdn.net ADVERTISEMENTS: (2) The Central Government may appoint one or more public prosecutors for the purpose of conducting any case or class of cases in any district, or local area.(3) For every District, the State Government shall appoint a public prosecutor and may also appoint one or…
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24Sep 2018 by admin

Proceedings against habitual offenders (Section 110 of CrPc)

Law
Legal provisions regarding Proceedings against habitual offenders under section 110 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.Section 110 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that when an Executive Magistrate receives information that there is within his local jurisdiction a person who;(a) Is by habit a robber, house-breaker, thief, or forger; or ADVERTISEMENTS: (b) Is by habit a receiver of stolen property knowing the same to have been stolen; or(c) Habitually protects or harbours thieves, or aids in the concealment or disposal of stolen property; or(d) Habitually commits, or attempts to commit, or abets the commission of, the offence of kidnapping, abduction, extortion, cheating or mischief, or any offence punishable under Chapter XII of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 or under Sections 489-A, Section 489-B, Section 489-C or Section 489-D…
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24Sep 2018 by admin

Provision in respect of escaped juvenile (Section 22 of the Juvenile Justice)

Juvenile Justice
Legal provisions regarding provision in respect of escaped juvenile under Section 22 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.Section 22 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 provides that notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any other law for the time being in force, any police officer may take charge without warrant of a juvenile in conflict with law who has escaped from a special home or an observation home or from the care of a person under whom he was placed under this Act, and shall be sent back to the special home or the observation home or that person, as the case may be; and no proceeding shall be instituted in respect of the juvenile by reason of such…
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24Sep 2018 by admin

Punishment for employment of juvenile or child for begging (Section 24 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000)

Juvenile Justice
Legal provisions regarding punishment for employment of juvenile or child for begging under Section 24 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.(i) Whoever, employs or uses any juvenile or the child for the purpose or causes any juvenile to beg shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine. Image Source: i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (ii) Whoever, having the actual charge of, or control over, a juvenile or the child abets the commission of the offence punishable under sub-section (1), shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may, extend to one year and shall also be liable to fine.As per Section 2(b) of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, ‘begging’…
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24Sep 2018 by admin

Qualifications for Chairperson and Members of the Committee (Rule 22 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules, 2007)

Law
Legal provisions regarding Qualifications for Chairperson and Members of the Committee as per as rule 22 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rule 2007.(1) A person to be selected as a Chairperson or Member of the Committee shall have either of the following qualifications, in addition to a minimum of seven years experience in their respective field: Image Source: planvisionmn.com ADVERTISEMENTS: (i) A person with post-graduate degree in social work, psychology, child development, education, sociology, law, criminology and where such a person is not available, a person with at least a graduate degree in any of the social science disciplines;(ii) A teacher, doctor or a social worker who has been involved in work concerning children.(2) The Chairperson or Member of the Committee shall be a person not…
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24Sep 2018 by admin

Removal of disqualification attaching to conviction (Section 12 of Probation of Offenders Act, 1958)

Law
Legal provisions regarding removal of disqualification attaching to conviction under Section 12 of Probation of Offenders Act, 1958.Section 12 of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 provides that notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, a person found guilty of an offence and dealt with under the provisions of Section 3 or Section 4 shall not suffer disqualification, if any, attaching to a conviction of an offence under such law. However, nothing in this Section shall apply to a person who, after his release under Section 4, is subsequently sentenced for the original offence.In Ranjit Paul v. State of Punjab, the Court has held that Section 12 of the Act absolves the offender of all the disqualifications which are attached to a conviction when the benefit under Section 4 of…
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24Sep 2018 by admin

Removal of Public Nuisances (Section 133 of CrPc)

Construction
Legal provisions regarding Removal of Public Nuisances under section 133 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.A class or community residing in a particular locality may come within the term ‘public’. ‘Nuisance’ is an inconvenience which materially interferes with the ordinary physical comfort of human existence.According to Section 268 of the Indian Penal Code, in order to constitute a public nuisance, the injury, danger or annoyance must be caused to the public, or to the people in the vicinity or to persons who may have occasion to exercise any public right. ADVERTISEMENTS: A ‘public place’ includes also property belonging to the State, camping grounds and grounds left unoccupied for sanitary or recreative purposes. The public place must be open to the public, i.e., a place to which the public have…
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24Sep 2018 by admin

Release, sale and restoration of attached property (Section 85 of CrPc)

Government
Legal provisions regarding release, sale and restoration of attached property under section 85 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.Section 85 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that:— ADVERTISEMENTS: (1) If the proclaimed person appears within the time specified in the proclamation, the Court shall make an order releasing the property from the attachment.(2) If the proclaimed person does not appear within the time specified in the proclamation, the property under the attachment shall be at the disposal of the State Government; but it shall not be sold until the expiration of six months from the date of the attachment and until any claim preferred or objection made under Section 84 has been disposed of under that Section, unless it is subject to speedy and natural decay, or the…
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