26Sep 2018 by admin

10 Main Causes of Low Productivity of Agriculture in India – Essay

Marketing
10 Main Causes of Low Productivity of Agriculture in India – EssayThough the agricultural productivity in India-average yield per hectare-has improved but the full potential has to be realized over now.The main causes of low productivity are as follows: Image Source: yourarticlelibrary.com 1. Size of Holdings: ADVERTISEMENTS: The average size of holdings in India is very low, less than 2 hectares or 5 acres due to which no scientific cultivation with improved techniques and seeds can take place.Small sized holdings lead to great waste of time, labour, difficulty in proper utilization of irrigation facilities and irrigation among farmers. 2. Poor Techniques of Production: The Indian farmers have been using old and inefficient methods and techniques of farming. Only in the recent years, the farmers have started adopting improved implements like…
Read More
25Sep 2018 by admin

What are the Preventive Actions of the Police under Sections 149 to 153 of the Code of Criminal Procedure?

Design
Criminal jurisprudence is as much concerned with the prevention of offences, as it is with the trial and punishment of the wrong-doer. Therefore, Chapter XI of the Act contains certain provisions regarding preventive action to be taken by the Police in certain circumstances. S. 149 empowers every Police Officer to interpose for the purpose of preventing the commission of any cognizable offence to the best of his ability. It may be noted that this section provides for prevention of cognizable offences only. Wider powers for the prevention of offences in general are to be found in S. 23 of the Police Act, 1861. Image Source: legalessays.files.wordpress.comMoreover, under S. 150, every Police Officer receiving any information of any design to commit any cognizable offence must communicate such information to his superior…
Read More
25Sep 2018 by admin

Powers of Police to Investigate Non-cognizable Cases under Section 155 of Cr.Pc.

Essays
Section 155 of the Code of Criminal Procedure deals with information relating to non-cognizable cases, and it is provided that when information is given to an Officer-in-charge of a Police Station about the commission of a non-cognizable offence, he must enter the substance of the information in a book to be kept in the prescribed form, and refer the informant to the Magistrate. Image Source: nnimgt-a.akamaihd.netIt is important to note that no Police Officer can investigate a non- cognizable case without the order of a Magistrate. If the Police Officer receives the Magistrate’s order, he can exercise the same powers of investigation as he can exercise in the case of a cognizable offence. ADVERTISEMENTS: Moreover, if one case relates to two or more offences, of which at least one is…
Read More
25Sep 2018 by admin

First Information Report (F.I.R) – Section 154 of Code of Criminal Procedure

Events
Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure deals with what is commonly known as a First Information Report. It provides that every information relating to the commission of a cognizable offence, if given orally to an Officer-in-charge of a Police Station, must be reduced in writing by him, and read over to the informant. Image Source: webpothi.comThe information should also be signed by the person giving it, and the substance thereof must be entered in the book which is to be kept by such Officer in the prescribed form. A copy of the information recorded, as above, is also to be given free of cost to the informant. ADVERTISEMENTS: It may, however, be noted that the condition that such information must be signed by the person giving it, is…
Read More
25Sep 2018 by admin

Why Section 145, which is purely Civil Nature, included in the Criminal Procedure Code?

Law
Section 145 of the Code of Criminal Procedure contains certain important provisions regarding cases of disputes concerning land or water, which are likely to cause a breach of peace. It provides that whenever an Executive Magistrate is satisfied, either from a report of a Police Officer, or upon other information, that a dispute which is likely to cause a breach of the peace exists, concerning any land or water or the boundaries thereof, within his local jurisdiction, he must make an order in writing, stating the grounds of his being so satisfied, and requiring the parties concerned to attend his Court, in person or by a pleader, on a specified date and time, and to put in written statements of their respective claims as regards the fact of actual possession…
Read More
25Sep 2018 by admin

Local Inquiries for the Purpose of Section 145, 146 and 147 of Code of Criminal Procedure

Law
Whenever a local inquiry is necessary for the purpose of Ss. 145, 146 or 147, the District Magistrate or the Sub-Divisional Magistrate may depute any subordinate Magistrate to make an inquiry, furnish him with the necessary written instructions for his guidance, and declare by whom the whole or any part of the necessary expenses are to be paid. Image Source: i.ytimg.comThe report of the person so deputed can be read as evidence in the case. (S. 148) ADVERTISEMENTS: Specimen Orders:1. The following is a specimen of a Magistrate’s Order under S. 145 declaring a party entitled to retain possession of land, etc., in dispute:It appears to me, on the grounds duly recorded, that a dispute, likely to induce a breach of the peace, existed between (describe the parties by name…
Read More
25Sep 2018 by admin

Useful Notes on Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure

Management
Section 144 provides that where, in the opinion of the District Magistrate, or a Sub-Divisional Magistrate, or any other Executive Magistrate specially empowered by the State Government for this purpose, there is sufficient ground for proceeding under this section, and immediate prevention or speedy remedy is desirable, the Magistrate may, by a written order, direct any person to abstain from certain acts, with respect to specified property in his possession or under his management, if such Magistrate considers that such direction is likely to prevent (or tends to prevent) obstruction, annoyance or injury to any person employed lawfully, or danger to human life, health or safety, or a disturbance of the public tranquility, or a riot, or an affray. In cases of emergency, or in cases where a notice cannot…
Read More
25Sep 2018 by admin

Useful Notes on Section 133 of the Code of Criminal Procedure – “Public Nuisance”

Construction
Public nuisances have always been considered to be so potentially dangerous that a summary procedure for their redressal has been provided by the Criminal Procedure Code. The power conferred on the Magistrate can be exercised on the receipt of a Police Report or other information, and arises under the six circumstances mentioned in clauses (a) to (f) of S. 133, discussed below. Image Source: 2.bp.blogspot.comThese provisions of the Cr. P.C. are to be invoked only in cases of an emergency and where there is imminent danger to the health of the community. Where the nuisance has been going on for a long time, the criminal courts tend not to interfere in the matter, leaving the parties to litigate before a civil court. ADVERTISEMENTS: S. 133 provides that whenever a District…
Read More
25Sep 2018 by admin

Differences between Ganga and Indus Deltaic Tract

Essays
Ganga Deltaic Tract: 1. It extends only for 430 kms from Rajmahal Hills to the edge of the delta Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org2. It width is 480 kms. ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. Ganga Delta has more silt and alluvium.4. Ganga deposits are of fine grains.5. Depth of alluvium is more Indus Deltaic Tract: 1. It is far more extensive sive and stands 960 kms from the Chenab ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. Its width is 160 kms. i.e., one-third of the Ganga delta.3. Sind Delta has compa­ratively less silt and alluvium.4. The alluvium of Sind delta is comparatively coarser.5. Depth of alluvium is less.
Read More
25Sep 2018 by admin

Legal Provisions of Alteration in Allowance of Maintenance Granted by a Court

Marriage
Section 127 of Code of Criminal Procedure provides that upon proof of any change in the circumstances of the person receiving or paying the monthly allowance, as the case may be, the Magistrate may make any alteration in the allowance as he may deem fit. Image Source: 1.bp.blogspot.comSimilarly, if it appears to the Magistrate that, in consequence of any decision of a Civil Court, the maintenance order should be varied or cancelled, he may vary or cancel the same. ADVERTISEMENTS: Similarly, when any order is made in favour of a divorced woman, the Magistrate must, if he is satisfied that the woman has re-married after the date of the order, cancel such order as from the date of the re- marriage.The expression “change in the circumstances” in S. 127 does…
Read More