29Sep 2018 by admin

Essay on Penal Policy in India (1095 Words)

Traditions
Here is your essay on Essay on Penal Policy in India !The penal reforms in India during the past few decades have brought about a remarkable change in the attitude of people towards the offenders. The old concepts about crime, criminal and convicts have radically changed. The emphasis has now shifted from deterrence to reformation of the offenders. The age old discriminatory and draconian punishments no longer find place in the modern penal system. ADVERTISEMENTS: Indian penologists are greatly impressed by the recent Anglo-American penal reforms and have adopted many of them in the indigenous system. This does not, however, mean that India did not have penal policy of its own prior to British influence. In fact, the Indian law givers of the olden times were well versed in the…
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29Sep 2018 by admin

Short Essay on Responsibility and Delegation in Administration

Essays
Responsibility and Delegation in administration are given below:A question arises whether responsibility can be delegated or not. The answer of this question can be found out be analysing how responsibility arises and what relationship exists between a superior and his subordinate. Responsibility arises basically from the superior-subordinate relationship. Image Source: media.execunet.com ADVERTISEMENTS: A superior is one who has effective authority over another and a subordinate is one who, is subject to this authority of superior. The authority flows from the superior to subordinate when duties are assigned to him and at the same time authority is given to him for the discharge of duties.The subordinate manager cannot carry all the duties and tasks and, therefore delegates to his subordinate.However, the relationship between the first subordinate and his superior is such…
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29Sep 2018 by admin

Essay on the Classical Theory of Scientific Management

Accounting
Classical theory of scientific management are given below:Scientific management is developed by Taylor and his followers, was concerned with optimising effort at the shop or operative level. In contrast there developed a body of knowledge during the first half of the 20th century whose primary emphasis was on the establishing broad administrative principles applicable to the higher organisational levels. March and Simon refer to this body of knowledge as “administrative management theory”. Image Source: i.ytimg.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Other writers call it the ‘traditional or classical theory’, ‘management or structural theory’. The foremost proponents of this theory have been Henry Fayol, Luther Gullick, Lyndall Urwick, J.D. Mooney, A.C. Railey, M.R Follet and R. Shelton. These early classical writers frequently used organisation and management principles interchangeably. This was partially due to the extreme…
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29Sep 2018 by admin

Short Essay on Responsibility and Delegations

Essays
Responsibility and Delegations are given below:Delegation takes place when a superior passes on to a subordinate a share of his over responsibility, together with the necessary authority to discharge the responsibility which was delegated. Image Source: power2transform.com ADVERTISEMENTS: The superior has certain objectives which he is charged with achieving. It is the portion of these objectives which he delegates to his subordinates. The superior also has the authority to get the job done, and he passes on part of this authority to the subordinate.Responsibility arises from the superior-subordinate relationship. A superior is one who has effective authority over another and a subordinate is one who is subject to the effective authority of another.The authority flows from the superior to a subordinate when duties are assigned, and responsibility is the obligation…
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29Sep 2018 by admin

38 Most Important Silent Features of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

Government
The 38 Most Important Silent Features of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 are listed below:(1) The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 provides a uniform set of criminal courts throughout the country.(2) The judiciary has been separated from the executive. Judicial hierarchy is represented by the Chief Judicial Magistrate and First and Second Class Judicial Magistrates, District Magistrate and other subordinate magistrates continue to deal with problems relating to maintenance of law and order and the prevention of crime. All the important duties previously assigned to the District Magistrate under the old Code of 1898 have been entrusted to the Chief Judicial Magistrate. ADVERTISEMENTS: (3) All the Judicial Magistrates shall function under the control of the High Court. Their sentencing power has also been enhanced. The Court of Sessions would…
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29Sep 2018 by admin

Essay on the Linking Pin Model Theory of Organisation

Management
Linking Pin Model are given below:So far, the discussion of the behavioural approach to organisation has raised a lot of criticism of classical thinkers but has not supplied many constructive solutions. Furthermore, the ideas of Barnard, Simon, Bakke and Argyris are themselves becoming out dated. For the most part, they formulated their theories two or even three decades ago. Image Source: d223wx6eb72vcz.cloudfront.net ADVERTISEMENTS: Are these theories still relevant to today’s organisations? Can the behavioural organisation theorists present a structural model suitable for implementation in practice? The answer to both these questions can be found in the work done by Rensis Likert of the University of Michigan.The linking pin idea, although conceptually very simple, represents an actual model for organisation structure. It is based on the concept of every man’s functioning…
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29Sep 2018 by admin

Legal provisions regarding adoption under Section 41 of the Juvenile Justice

Rehabilitation
Legal provisions regarding adoption under Section 41 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.(1) The preliminary responsibility for providing care and protection to children shall be that of his family.(2) Adoption shall be resorted to for the rehabilitation of the children who are orphan, abandoned or surrendered through such mechanism as may be prescribed. Image Source: theransomchurch.org ADVERTISEMENTS: (3) In keeping with the provisions of the various guidelines for adoption issued from time to time, by the State Government, or the Central Adoption Resource Agency and notified by Central Government, children may be given in adoption by a Court after satisfying itself regarding the investigations having been carried out, as are required for giving such children in adoption.(4) The State Government shall recognize one or more…
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29Sep 2018 by admin

Essay on the Importance of Esprit De Corps Principle

Management
Importance of esprit de corps principle are given below:This principle emphasized the need for team work and the maintenance of interpersonal relationships. Image Source: images.slideplayer.com ADVERTISEMENTS: In their enthusiasm for scientism Gulick and Urwick laid down seven principles of administration that came to be expressed as ‘POSDCORB’. Each letter of the word stand for a different technique such as planning, organising, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting.Another major contributor to the development of management thought during this period was Mary Parker Follett. Although she was a contemporary of the other administrative management theorists and set forth certain general principle as guide lines for practice, her approach was significantly different. She was unique in emphasizing the psychological and sociological aspects of management.She viewed management as a social process and the organization…
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29Sep 2018 by admin

Alteration of charge by Court and the procedure thereafter (Section 216 and 217 of CrPc)

Essays
Legal provisions regarding alteration of charge by Court and the procedure thereafter under section 216 and 217 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.(1) Any Court may alter or add to any charge at any time before judgment is pronounced. ADVERTISEMENTS: (2) Every such alteration or addition shall be read and explained to the accused.(3) If the alteration or addition to a charge is such that proceeding immediately with the trial is not, likely, in the opinion of the Court, to prejudice the accused in his defence or the prosecutor in the conduct of the case, the Court may, in its discretion, after such alteration or addition has been made, proceed with the trial as if the altered or added charge had been the original charge. Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org(4) If…
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29Sep 2018 by admin

Essay on the Importance of Communication in Administration

Development
Importance of Communication in administration are given below:Communications is perhaps the most important principle of administration, public or private. For the successful completion of any programme communication is a dire necessity. Image Source: fra.europa.eu ADVERTISEMENTS: We cannot achieve organisational aims and objectives without effective communication It is the greatest cementing force in an organisation. Millet has rightly described communication as “the blood stream of administrative organisation”.As a blood stream to body so is the communication to the administrative machinery. Without proper flow of blood in the body there can be apoplexy in the brain and anaemia at the extremes. Similarly without proper, flow of communication all the organs of body will not work properly. Pfeiffer has considered communication as “the heart of management”.Communication is the means by which people are…
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