01Oct 2018 by admin

Growth of Niche Concept and Types of Niches | Essay

Ecology
Essay on the Growth of Niche Concept and Types of Niches !Although Steere (1894) appreciated the niches in his explanation of the way bird species within a genus were segregated on different islands in the Philippines, the term and concept were really first developed by American ornithologist Joseph Grinnell (1917, 1924, 1928). image source: inman.com ADVERTISEMENTS: In his study of California thrashers and other birds he suggested that the niche be regarded as the ultimate dis­tributional or spatial unit occupied by just one species, or sub­species, to which that species is held by structural and instinc­tive limitations, such as climatic factors, kind and amount of food, suitable nesting sites and cover.Thus, he considered the niche as a subdivision of habitat (Udvardy, 1957) or microhabitat (Odum, 1971), or habitat (Smith, 1977).…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

Sampling the Populations of Phytoplankton and Periphyton | Essay

Management
Essay on Sampling the Populations of Phytoplankton and Periphyton !In aquatic communities algae are the dominant vegetation. There are two kinds of growth involved: the plankton suspended on the water and the periphyton growing attached to some subs­trate of aquatic habitat. image source: aquaticconsulting.com Sampling technique for phytoplankton: Phytoplank­tons of a water body can be sampled by following two methods: ADVERTISEMENTS: (i) In one method, phytoplanktons are obtained by drawing water samples from several depths. Cell counts of algae present in each sample, either normal or concentrated, are made with a Sedgewieh Rafter counting chamber and a Whipple ocular. According to the need, sometime the samples may be concentrated by centrifugation in forest plankton centrifuge. The centrifuged samples are then diluted to a suitable volume (100 to 200 ml) in…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

Essay on the Ecological Effects of Wind on Organisms !

Development
Here is your Essay on the Ecological Effects of Wind on Organisms !Wind modifies the water relations, temperature and light conditions of a particular area. Birds confine themselves to shel­ter on days when the wind is strong. image source: ispazio.net ADVERTISEMENTS: The transportation of microbes, plants and animals by hurricanes to hitherto unoccu­pied land may change the nature of the whole biotic community. Wind brings about following physical as well as anatomical and physiological effects on plants: Physical effects: (i) The wind of high velocity may cause the breaking of living branches of trees and sometimes even causes their complete uprooting. Usually such breakage occurs in soft woods of such plants as cotton woods and river maple. The uprooted single or groups of forest trees are called wind throws or…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

Essay on the Types, Kinds and Sources of Water Pollution | Essay For Kids

Industry
Types of Water Pollution: Types of water pollution may be classified by the medium in which they occur, such as surface water pollution, ground water pollution, soil water pollution, etc.; the habitat in which they occur, such as river pollution, lake pollution, estuarine pollution, coastal water pollution, open ocean pollution, etc.; and source or type of contamination, such as nutrient pollution, bacterial pollution, viral pollution, metallic pollution, petrochemical pollution, pesticide pollu­tion, thermal pollution, radioactive pollution, etc. image source: siddequi.jagranjunction.com Kinds and Sources of Water Pollutants: Pollutants entering water sources are classified broadly into following categories: domestic sewage and oxygen-demanding wastes; infectious agents; plant nutrients; chemicals such as in­secticides, herbicides, and detergents; other minerals and chemicals; sediment from land erosions; radioactive substances; and heat from power and industrial plants. ADVERTISEMENTS: These…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

Essay on the Effects of Air on Animals | Essay For Kids

Law
Essay for kids on the Effects of Air on Animals !The atmospheric composition is not always the most important factor to organism; rather, it is the partial pressure of a gas, especially oxygen and CO2, which influences the existence of life, as illustrated by altitudinal studies on organisms. image source: vcapcd.org ADVERTISEMENTS: The partial pressure of a gas is the product of the total barometric pressure times the concentration of gas in dry air. For every 18,000 ft., the barometric pressure is reduced by half, but the composition of air is essentially unchanged.To illustrate this effect on animals, the following critical altitudes have been identified for most humans; above 10,000 ft., oxygen must be added to inspired air; at 35,000 ft., 100 per cent oxygen must be inhaled; and at…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

The Ecological Effects of Microclimates of Mountain Slopes, High Altitude, Valley and City

Budget
Essay on The Ecological Effects of Microclimates of Mountain Slopes, High Altitude, Valley and City !The influence of different ecolo­gical media and of different abiotic environmental factors on the living organisms. All these factors form the macroclimate which is measured by the meterologists. But the climate in which animals actually live is very much different from the gross environmental conditions. image source: carbonlandscapes.co.uk ADVERTISEMENTS: This immediate environment of animal is called effective climate or microclimate and relates to such of the habitats of ani­mals as those living in the soil within crevices of barks of trees, inside sheaths of grasses, within burrows, in ant nests, beneath logs of wood or rock, within caves, on vegetation in sand dunes, with­in plant galls and a variety of habitats which are occupied by…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

Important Methods of Detection and Measurement of Air Pollution

Air Pollution
Essay on Important Methods of Detection and Measurement of Air Pollution !Air pollution is usually measured by sampling of air by thermal and by electrostatic precipitation, Sonkin impactor and electrostatic dust collectors. image source: d.fastcompany.net ADVERTISEMENTS: Table 251. Common air pollutants, their sources and pathological effects on man (after Southwick, 1976):PollutantsWhere they come from (source)Pathological effect on man 1. AldehydesThermal decomposition of fats, oil, or glycerol.Irritate nasal and respiratory tracts. 2. AmmoniasChemical processes—dye- making; explosives; lac­quer; fertilizer.Inflame upper respiratory passages. 3. ArsinesProcesses involving metals or acids containing arsenic soldering.Break down red cells in blood, damage kidneys; cause jaundice. 4. Carbon monoxidesGasoline motor exhausts; burning of coal.Reduce oxygen-carrying capa­city of blood. 5. ChlorinesBleaching cotton and flour; many other chemical pro­cesses.Attack entire respiratory tract and mucous membranes of eyes; cause pulmonary edema:…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

The Ecological Effects of Water Pollution on the Aquatic Life and also on Humans

Construction
Essay on The Ecological Effects of Water Pollution on the Aquatic Life and also on Humans !Each type of water pollution affects the abiotic and biotic fac­tors of different aquatic systems in different degrees and its ulti­mate effect on man remains quite drastic in medical, asthetic, and economical sense. Some of the well known ecological effects of water pollution are following: Sewage pollution: Contamination of fresh-waters and shallow offshore seas by sewage is a common occurrence. Dom­estic sewage and waste-water is about 99.9 per cent water and 0.02—0.04 per cent solids of which proteins and carbohydrates each comprise 40-50 per cent and fats 5-10 per cent (Simmons, 1974). image source: jodutt.com ADVERTISEMENTS: In other words, sewage includes mostly biodegradable po­llutants such as human faecal matter, animal wastes, and certain dissolved…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

The Important Methods of measuring the Age of Population | Essay

United States
Essay on The Important Methods of measuring the Age of Population !There are several different ways of measuring age, and there are two main ways of measuring age distribution in a population. The simplest measurement for age is the raw age itself. If only one species of organism is under investigation, it is probably the best scale to use, in addition to being the simplest. However, it is diffi­cult to compare age distributions of different species using raw ages, if the life spans are different, as, for instance, between elephants and mice. image source: i.imgur.com ADVERTISEMENTS: For the purpose of comparing age distributions, a useful means of portraying age is as a percentage of total life span. The maximum observed life span of a species is determined, and ages are…
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01Oct 2018 by admin

Essay on The Chief Vegetational Belts of Planet Earth

Asia
Here is your essay on The Chief Vegetational Belts of the Earth ! image source: c1.staticflickr.comOn the basis of climatic and geographical conditions, the earth is usually divided into the following four broad vegetation belts: Arctic zone: This zone is divided into the following two types: ADVERTISEMENTS: (1) Arctic proper:This zone occurs around the North Pole and remains covered with ice throughout the year. This zone in fact is Tundra biome and its chief components of vegetation include some algae, annual flowering plants, mosses and lichens.(2) Subarctic: ADVERTISEMENTS: This is a less defined zone which extends from southern arctic to the northern limits of temperate zone. This region is very cold, contains abundant bogs and has vegetation in­cluding small height trees, shrubs and herbs in the months of June and…
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