21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

What is the Importance of Rural Marketing in India?

Marketing
Indian rural economy is getting stronger and stronger. According to Nielsen’s survey the rural market for FMCG (Rs 65,000 crore), Durables 5,000 crore), and clothing and Footwear (Rs 35,000 Crore) was as large as Rs 1, 05,000 crore in 2008. Certainly the size is much bigger now. According to Nielsen, by 2025, the rural FMCG sales is estimated to reach $ 100 billion from the current $12 billion.Rural India offers sustainable sales and profit for growth. There are more enterprises in rural India than in urban today contributing significantly to the non-farm output. Following factors have contributed to the growth of rural marketing: 1. Employment Opportunities: The income from new employment schemes and rural development efforts of the government and the corporate sector efforts has increased the purchasing power of…
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21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Some of the powers of a District Magistrate, and a First Class Judicial Magistrate (CrPC, 1973, India)

Government
District Magistrate: Section 20 lays down than in every district and in every metropolitan area the State Government shall appoint one of the Executive Magistrate as the District Magistrate. Besides the powers vested in him under the Code, he is in addition the Collector of the district and is also a District Officer. Powers of District Magistrate: A District Magistrate has, among others, the following powers:1. He is an executive Magistrate who exercises special powers with which he is invested either by the Code of Criminal Procedure or by the State Government (Section 20). ADVERTISEMENTS: 2. He has the power to require the postal or telegraph authorities to deliver any document, parcel or thing in their custody which is wanted for the purpose of any investigation, inquiry, trial or other…
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21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Intensity of Market Coverage – An Effective Strategy of Product Distribution

Industry
While selecting channels of distribution the marketer must decide about the number of customers it wishes to reach and the intensity of distribution, and then has to employ one of the three different distribution strategies: i. Intensive Distribution: Products which are of mass use like bread, salt, etc. or relate to impulse purchase such as chocolates or too small and simple, marketers go for intensive distribution. In these cases the customer loyalty is found to be low. Customers can buy any brand if their choice brand is not available. This is the reason that Dabur Hajmola is available at a grocery store, chemist shop, panwala, and bakery shop. Intensive distribution’s aim is to provide maximum coverage of the market by using all available outlets. Image Source: view-talay-pattaya.com ADVERTISEMENTS: Intensive distribution…
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21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

The Rule as to Sentence in Case of Conviction of Several Offences at One Trial (Section 31 & 71 CrPC, 1973, India)

Law
Section 31 of the Code of Criminal Procedure lays down that when a person is convicted at one trial for two or more offences, the court may, subject to the provisions of Section 71 of the Indian Penal Code, sentence him, for such offences, to the several punishments prescribed therefore which such court is competent to inflict : such punishment when consisting of imprisonment to commence the one after the expiration of the other in such order as the court may direct, unless it directs that such punishment shall run concurrently, in the case of consecutive sentences it is not necessary to send the offender for trial before a higher court, if the aggregate punishment for the several offences is in excess of the punishment which it is competent to…
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21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

How Long Can the Police Keep an Offender in Custody by Their Own Power? (CrPC, 1973, India)

Law
Arrested person not to be detained for more than 24 hours: When a person is arrested without a warrant, a police officer shall not detain him for a longer period than under all the circumstances of the case is reasonable and such period shall not, in the absence of a special order of Magistrate under section 167, exceed 24 hours exclusive of the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Magistrate’s court. (Section 57).To the same effect are the provisions of Article 22 (2) of the Constitution. It provides that every person arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest Magistrate within a period of 24 hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest…
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21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

The Provisions Regarding The Power Of Police Officer To Seize Certain Property, (CrPC, 1973, India)

Essays
Any police officer may seize any property which may be alleged or suspected to have been stolen, or which may be found under circumstances which create suspicion of the commission of any offence [S. 102(1)]. Such police officer, if subordinate to the officer in charge of a police station, shall forthwith report the seizure to that officer. [S. 102(2)].Every police officer acting under sub-section (1) shall forthwith report the seizure to the Magistrate having jurisdiction and where the property seized is such that it, cannot be conveniently transported to the Court “or where there is difficulty in securing proper accommodation for the custody of such property, or where the continued retention of the property in police custody may not be considered necessary for the purpose of investigation”, he may give…
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21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

Distinguish Between: (A) Summons Case and Warrant Case; (B) Compound Able and Non-Compoundable Offences; and (C) Discharge and Acquittal.

Law
(a) Summons and warrant cases: “Summons case” means a case relating to an offence and not being a “warrant case” and “warrant case” means a case relating to an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term exceeding two years. [Section 2 (w & x)]A case assumes the character of “summons case” or “warrant case” according to the nature and measure of punishment which the law attaches to the offence. Those cases which are punishable with imprisonment for two years and under are summons cases, while those which are punishable with imprisonment for a term exceeding two years are warrant cases.The above division marks off ordinary cases from serious ones, and provides for a difference in the procedure of trials of the two. Serious offences are…
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21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

The Various Classes of Criminal Courts in the Indian Republic for Trial of Offence

Government
Besides the High Court and the courts constituted under any law other than the Code of Criminal Procedure, there are four classes of Criminal Courts in India, namely : (I) Courts of Session, (2) Judicial Magistrate of the First Class, and in any metropolitan area, Metropolitan Magistrates, (3) Judicial Magistrate of the Second Class : and (4) Executive Magistrate (Section 6).Under the Constitution the Supreme Court has also been vested with certain Criminal powers. Article 134 confers appellate jurisdiction on the Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters and an appeal lies to it from a judgment in a criminal proceeding of a High Court if the High Court : (i) has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death; (ii) has…
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21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

What Is The Difference Between Cognizable And Non-Cognizable Offence Non-Cognizable Cases?, (CrPC, 1973, India)

Law
“Cognizable offence” means an offence for which and “cognizable case” means a case in which, a police officer may, in accordance with the first schedule or under any law for the time being in force, arrest without warrant. [Section 2 (c)]. A ‘non-cognizable offence’ means an offence for which, and ‘non-cognizable case’ means a case in which, a police officer may not arrest without warrant. [Section 2 (c)].The term ‘a police officer‘ used in the definition of a cognizable offence does not mean any police officer, but a police officer of a certain rank only, and the offence will nevertheless remain a cognizable offence if the offender can be arrest by certain police officers or a particular class of police officers only.The first schedule attached to the Code catalogues a…
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21Oct 2018 by Reese Bannister

What is the difference between Inquiry, Investigation and Trial? (CrPC, 1973, India)

Law
Inquiry: “Inquiry” according to the Code includes every inquiry other than a trial conducted under this Code, by a Magistrate or court. It relates to proceedings of Magistrates prior to trial. [Section 2 (g)]Section 159 of the Code empowers a Magistrate on receipt of a police report under Section 157, Cr.P.C. to hold a preliminary inquiry in order to ascertain whether an offence has been committed and, if so, whether any persons should be put upon their trial.In cases triable by the court of sessions and commitment proceedings take place before a Magistrate, which are in the nature of an inquiry preparatory to sending the accused to take his trial before the Court of Session. Image Source: rampages.us ADVERTISEMENTS: The Magistrate in such cases is bound either to discharge the…
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